The Evolution of Land Tax (ḫarāğ) in Egypt from the Mamluk Period to the Reign of Said Pasha (1250-1863)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Tour Guidance Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels Management, Helwan University, Giza, Egypt.

2 Tour Guidance Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels Management, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

3 Tour Guidance Department, Al-Alson Higher Institute for Tourism and Hotels Management, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

The study proposes to discuss the evolution of land tax in Egypt from the Mamluk period to the reign of Said Pasha (1250-1863). It starts with an introduction about the origin and the definition of the tax in Islam. The introduction includes the origin of the word ḫarāğ in the Arabic language. The introduction displays examples of the numerous studies that tackled the topic of land tax in Islamic Egypt. Moreover, the study tackles the types of lands were obliged to pay the tax and other types that were exempted. The study displays the different ways of collecting land tax and the classification of lands as well. The study displays the cases in which there was an exemption from this tax. The study displays examples for the cases of this exemption. The study displays cases for the increase of the tax. The study displays examples for the cases of this increase.

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